KITFT & Kariba | Changing Fortunes?
By Ant Williams
In the past five years, the Zambezi Basin has experienced above normal rainfall which effectively saw a progressive increase and stable water levels at Kariba. This often brings mixed blessings to the Kariba oasis, as while fishing tends to improve in the long term after the renewal brought with rising waters, the game suffers along the shoreline, as once plentiful grazing slowly disappears beneath the new water. This often leads to population crashes, as animals quite literally starve to death.
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Southern Africa’s last rainy season - 2014/15 - saw erratic rainfall over much of the region, with some areas receiving unprecedented floods while others remained as dry as a bone. The Zambezi unfortunately was one of those to receive below expected inflows, resulting in a rapidly dropping Kariba water level. As Kariba’s useable capacity is based on water available for power generation and not the actual impoundment water level, this season-low prompted the authorities to act to safeguard generation in the coming months.
It was reported that electricity supplies to households and industries will plunge by 400 megawatts (MW) after the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) reduced water allocation for power generation at the Kariba Dam by nearly 30 percent. Apparently the ZRA, run jointly between Zimbabwe and Zambia to manage the Zambezi resource, has reduced water allocation for electricity generation from 45 billion cubic meters per annum to 33 billion cubic meters due to low water levels in Kariba, which even now as September dawns, is dropping rapidly.
“While the reduction in water allocation is meant to ensure that there is enough resource to sustain power generation until the onset of the 2015/2016 rainfall season, it would worsen the power supply situation in the country at a time Zimbabwe is battling machine breakdowns at Hwange Thermal Power Station.” While power generation at Kariba may be good reason for dropping water levels, some believe it has been a deliberate attempt to drop the lake level ahead of essential maintenance to the wall and flood gates. In an article penned by Eddy Cross in The Zimbabwean, he said “The Zambezi River system is limited in its potential – Kariba Dam has only spilled 5 or 6 times since it was completed in 1958, suggesting that its originally installed capacity of 1400 megawatts was about its capacity. The two States are in the process of upgrading and expanding the capacity at Kariba with Zambia already over 1100 megawatts and Zimbabwe shortly to follow suit. The problem is that this is in excess of the capacity of the river and the dam and right now the water level in the dam is well below safety levels for the power plant. So much so that the operator – the Zambezi River Authority has issued an instruction to cut throughput to preserve water levels. I was on the river last week at Chewore and saw no signs that the river flow is down – in fact to my mind, it’s about 1,5 meters above last year on average. This suggests that the dam is operating over capacity for the size of the lake.”
In an article published by ZambeziAngler.com on Face Book in early August, they observed “Kariba is currently sitting at around 40% of generating capacity (the top 13m of the lake) which is effectively about 7m from full, and going by flow patterns for the last 20 years we can reasonably expect it to drop between 3-4 meters before KITFT. Interestingly at this time last year it was at 80% full.
One area which is likely to be little effected are the floating bream cages around Antelope Island. Located in deep water, dropping levels will have little consequence. While this will be true of other areas on the lake, now is a good time to pull out the contour maps of Kariba’s lake-bed typography. There are myriad of pinnacles, rocky ridges and cliff drop-offs at varying depths, which as the water drops, will offer possible fish-holding zones. Such areas have the potential to further level the playing field, and lucky anglers who have done some homework and are able to locate something unique maybe no one else has, could find a winning formula.
One very interesting aspect to all of this, is that since the last time KITFT was fished at such low water levels - almost a decade - many team structures have changed. Team members who fished together, have for the most part moved on to join or start other teams. So, while there is “secret” information few have, that information is now spread among a much larger group of anglers. Gentlemanly behavior will be the order of the day, though we can expect to see some furrowed brows and disenchanted anglers as past spots are shared.
Many scientists are predicting climate change worldwide, and some specifically commenting that the Zambezi is in for some lean years as flows decrease. Eddy Cross concurs, writing “A good friend of mine is Professor Euan Nisbet of London University who is a world renowned expert on atmospherics. He says that the specialists he confers with say the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is shifting northwards by 18 degrees. You can watch this system moving every day on satellite images as it is the main rainfall system of the continent. This winter I have been surprised by how far into the Sahara Desert the rains have reached, perhaps Euan and his colleagues are right. (Euan comes from Mberengwa in Zimbabwe.).
“If that is true, it has profound implications for southern Africa and the whole Zambezi system. Ever since I went on a short fishing trip on the flood plains of the Caprivi Strip, I have been concerned that the hippo populations in the floodplains of the upper Zambezi are being shot out or dying of disease. I saw not a single hippo in the flood plains I was fishing in, even though we penetrated them for 35 kilometers. Ever since, I have been pointing out to anyone who will listen, that if the hippo populations in the flood plains of the upper Zambezi are wiped out, there is no one to maintain the drainage channels that feed the water back into the main river system in winter. Such a development would create vast swamps of stagnant water and deny the Zambezi of its life blood with dire consequences for all who depend on the river downstream.”
Dire predictions for sure. For the meantime though, one might have to walk further to boat moorings, and no doubt the electricity shortage will have negative impacts, but one has to try look at the bright side. If there is no power, you may as well be on the water fishing KITFT. At the very least, one should be armed with a note book, a GPS and even a camera, as all this data may well be significant in the next decade.
He kicked out hard, and in that same instant he saw the crocodile as it launched itself at him and gripped his arm in its massive jaws! Even in the terror of the moment, Alistair realised that the tip of the crocodile’s jaw was about a metre from its eyes. The observation was only theoretical, for in the second Alistair felt himself being spun around as the fearsome reptile tried to tear his arm out of its socket. He felt the solid tail twisting around his legs as the crocodile looked him straight in the face. With his good arm, Alistair tried to jam a thumb into its eye but couldn’t reach. The crocodile began to gain control and was pulling him into shallower water. Alistair realised that this would mean that his enemy would be able to use the leverage of the bottom and pull him under the water to drown. In cold-blooded desperation he forced his good arm down the reptile’s throat and curled his thumb and fingers around the flap that seals off the crocodile’s lungs when it goes under water. This sent the beast into a frenzy, but made it release Alistair’s badly mutilated arm and allowed him to escape and clamber up the steep bank. He was attacked again as he scrambled up the exposed roots and out of the river, but the reptile’s strikes fell short and Alistair collapsed against a fallen tree.
Another prominent KITFT angler who has extensive experience of low water fishing, is Colin Osborne. Though not actively fishing now, I approached him for comments on his experiences. He said “For me one of the most important factors in pre KITFT preparation was establishing the depth of the thermocline”. The thermocline is the break between warm and cold water which is clearly visible on modern day depth sounders. He continues “This gave me a good starting point.
I found the tigerfish did not like going into the cold or dark water. The cleaner water areas usually became light impenetrable around 60 to 62 feet. Thermoclines would vary from year to year, getting up to 50 to 60 feet at the lowest water levels depending on currents. Getting the two close together was always the best. The sauce pan effect that creates the currents will have to be understood better too as the river lines and ridges seem to turn the bite on or off depending on these currents”.
Their team strategy back in the days before the rule of a “closed lake” relied heavily on doba-doba type fishing over pre-baited spots. Colin continues “In the deep spots where the kapenta would come to rest in the dark or cold water, we found it better to be ‘trickle feed’ rather than dumping. Using suspended old-style doba-doba fishing will be the best, and remember the big tiger can bite like a niloticus when it is deep - slow and gentle. The new modern braid lines will help massively. The quicker you get the fish up to the surface the less chance he has to snag you on a tree. I used to call it ‘hacking the fish’. Remember to give a little slack as the fish explodes out of the water. The long casting rods are going to have to be replaced with stiff pitching equipment”.
Whatever the reason, Kariba is at its lowest for a number of years and until the main inflows starting around April next year - assuming a decent rainy season further north in the main catchment areas - things are not likely to improve.
Dropping water levels in a place like Kariba generally bodes well for the current fishing season. Reappearing structure - trees, mounds, ridges, gulleys etc - will hold fish and make for some exciting structure fishing, not least of all for those competing in this years Tiger Tournament - KITFT. While I have heard many bemoaning the fact that established spots from recent year’s fishing will be left high and dry, there is a vibe of excitement among many of the KITFT stalwarts. For those who have not experienced KITFT at low water, it will be a case of scouting and extending particular known spots. Invariably, ridges and gulleys will run for some distance, and though the main feature fished in previous years will be high and dry, picking up that feature further long, at a suitable depth will likely still produce fish. Remember, the tiger are doing the same thing, adapting and using what they know and where they are comfortable. But for the old hands, years - and even decades - of fishing the tournament gives those anglers a historic knowledge not everyone has. The really diligent anglers and teams have screeds of notes, way-points and anecdotal memory they will be drawing on.
*These fish were the original Northern strain, a smaller, slower growing fish first introduced in 1932. The introduction of the faster growing Florida strain in 1981, and its cross breeding with the original strain, can account for the larger record fish from the late eighties onward.
“The graphs shown (thanks to Zambezi River Authority) show that inflows are currently almost exactly what they were in 1996 (the lowest lake level in recent years), and also that inflows are less than half the average for this time of year (and less than one fifth of the peak). The lowest lake levels were 1992 and 1996 but more recently 2007 was also very low and this is about where we expect to be this year”.
One such angler, Arthur Browell explains “Each one of our GPS way-points are saved with the year it was fished, and the depth at that time. In this way, it is possible to look back and find a year in which the water levels were the same, or similar and work from there.” This is established by using a verification check point in Charara (Granny’s Tree) at which the depth is checked at the start of the tournament and a base datum established. From this depth, Arthur can determine the depth at all other spots and adjust accordingly. There is just no substitute for stored data!
Names like Duck Island, Tsetse Island and the mini-archipelago around Hydro and a great many others, all conjure images of a time of plenty. Many of these spots have not been fished for years as they were submerged deep underwater, and one wonders if indeed they will still attract fish and present hot-spots to the knowing anglers. Arthur Browell believes yes. He says “It’s all a case of depth, and once these areas become attractive and comfortable to tigerfish, they will be back”.
The Sanyati Gorge, thanks to the rigorous anti-poaching efforts there in recent years, is once again producing tigerfish. Famed for yielding that tournament-winning-fish in days of old, it too could feature with top ranking teams. The lower water levels will no doubt limit the distance one can range, as siltation over the decades has made much of the upper-reaches unfishable. Deep trolling the mouth and as far as the first cross roads though, could earn a lucky angler a prize, and maybe a spot in the coveted top ten. The wild card in how the gorge performs, will be an early sprinkling of rain, which one cannot rule out in October. A bit of dirty water flowing into the gorge, or indeed any of the main rivers, could have fish in a frenzy.
Gache Gache too will be high on angler’s list. Again, thanks to the anti-poaching efforts of Gache Gache Lodge and the community in the area, this has become one of the fishing Meccas in the eastern basin. Space will be tight in the river proper though and following the crowd to these fishing grounds could well be counter-productive. Typically the bite wanes over the three day event, and I would expect to see scenarios of a bygone era, where he who has the fastest boat could well benefit from a hit-and-run tactic of getting to prime spots first, picking off the still unwary fish, and heading off to more established areas. Remember though, Gache Gache Lodge does have an exclusive right to the section around them, and while they to not keep visitors out, they do expect anglers fishing around and beyond the lodge to respect their establishment (do not go screaming past and disturbing guests), as well as a courtesy call to contribute something toward their anti-poaching operations.
Charara Bay looking toward Cloven Hall chalet on the point, as seen from Cerruti Lodges opposite.
Charara Bay looking toward Cloven Hall chalet on the point, as seen from Cerruti Lodges opposite.
Charara Bay looking toward Cloven Hall chalet on the point, as seen from Cerruti Lodges opposite.
Charara Bay looking toward Cloven Hall chalet on the point, as seen from Cerruti Lodges opposite.
Taken from the harbor road at Wild Heritage looking out toward Zebra and Antelope Islands.
Taken from the harbor road at Wild Heritage looking out toward Zebra and Antelope Islands.
Paterson bay harbor taken from close to the weigh-bay.
Paterson bay harbor taken from close to the weigh-bay.
The pictures above show Kariba during one of its higher levels in 2011, compared to a series of pictures taken of the same areas on 1 August 2015. From here it is predicted to drop still further before the 2015 KITFT in mid-October. Caution when boating will be a must.
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